등 날갯죽지 (날개죽지) 통증, 과학적인 원인과 치료법이 궁금하신가요? 그리고 논문자료가 필요하신가요?
고3 때부터 등 통증이 생기기 시작했는데, 거의 이제 10년이 다 되어 가네요. 병원을 5군데 이상 돌아다녔고, 유튜브도 찾아보고 별 짓을 다 했는데 해결책이 없어서.. 저는 박사생 아닙니까 ㅎㅎ
직접 논문들을 찾아서 원인들과 치료법을 찾게 되었습니다.
다행히도 제가 찾아온 내용들을 대전우리병원 너무 멋지고 친절하신 "이진철"선생님께서 수용해주셨고, 그중 한 방법이 효과를 봐서 그동안 10점 만점에 6~8점 왔다 갔다 하던 통증이 2~3점으로 줄었습니다!!
비슷한 고민을 하시는 분들께 도움이 될 까 하여 정리한 내용들을 아래 붙여둡니다. 유명 저널들 위주로 검색해서 영어로 되어있는 자료도 있지만, 아예 없는 것보다는, 정말 통증 있으신 분들은 해당 자료가 단비 같으실 것 같아서...! 우선 올립니다.
보통 근막통증 증후군 등 말씀하실 텐데 자료를 공부해보시고 어려우시다면 의사 선생님께
1) 등쪽어깨신경 (Dorsal scapular nerve)
2) 혹은 디스크 문제 아닐까요? (C5 Spinal Nerve Root, C7 and C8 nerve compression)
라며 블로그를 보여주세요!
저는 둘다 복합적으로 치료했답니다 :)
아래 자료들이 파일 형태로 필요하시면 꼭 댓글 남겨주세요!
날개죽지 통증 도서 공부 자료
통증 연대기 — 멜러니 선스트럼 지음 ; 노승영 옮김.
염증성 통증
- 항염증치료
- 알리브, 아스피린, 모트린을 비롯한 비스테로이드계 항염증제는 장기간 복용할 경우 25%의 환자에게 위궤양 발견.
신경병성 통증
- 뉴론틴
- 항경련제로, 신경이 거짓 신호를 보내 신경병성 통증을 일으키는 것을 억제.
- 가장 많이 나타나는 요인이지만, 의사들이 놓치기 쉽다.
근본적으로 많이 쓰이는 것들
- 뉴로틴, 다보셋, 근이완제
통증을 비인격화 해야하는데, 그렇지 못하는 경우가 많다.
- 인격적으로 접근한 탓에 정신적 스트레스에 치중하여 그 프리즘으로 통증을 설명하려 하는 경우가 많다.
- 통증으로 인하여 잠 부족, 스트레스, 우울증이 생기는 경우는 모든 연구에서 입증되었다.
- 만성 통증과 우울증이 신경전달물질 세로토닌과 노르에피네프린의 이상과 연관되어 있다는 증거가 속속 드러나고 있다.
마약성 진통제가 효과를 보는 경우가 많다.
- 만성 통증에 옥시코돈이나 옥시콘틴을 80밀리그램 이상 처방하지 말아라.
- 중독에 걸릴 확률은 적지만, 통증을 없앨 확률은 높다.
통증의 4가지 원인
- 말초적
- 중추적
- 염증성
- 근육계
- 통각 과민증, 무해자극통증
유투브 공부 자료
기타 가능성이 될 수 있는 원인들
소흉근과 오구돌기(Coracoid Process), 전흉근 - 소흉근 부위 누르면 통증 심함
견갑배신경 (dorsal scapular nerve) - 디스크 경추5번(C5) - 능형근 related - 신경 나오는 부분이 있는 옆쪽 근육도 쩌릿함,
중사각근 통증 심함 (장흉신경도 완화)
전거근 - 옆구리 갈비벼 위쪽 통증 풀어주면 시원한 경우가 많은데, 스트레칭하기가 힘들어 - 능형근 related
견갑거근 (levator Scapulae) - 목과 어깨 견갑거근 따라서 전부 다 통증이 있음
견갑상신경 (Suprascapular nerve)
상후거근(Serratus Posterior Superior)
논문 공부 자료
Area
Dorsal scapular nerve
(제가 이 것과 관련한 치료를 하고 효과를 봤습니다!)
Dorsal Scapular Nerve Entrapment Syndrome — Definition
- https://shawchiroandsport.com/dorsal-scapular-nerve-entrapment-syndrome-2
- Entrapment of the dorsal scapular nerve (DSN) is an under-recognized cause of neck, upper back, and scapular pain. Symptoms are often similar to other conditions and can be mistaken for rib pain, cervical disc herniation, or shoulder pathology.
Dorsal scapular nerve entrapment or Rhomboids TrPs
Sultan, H. E., & El-antawi, G. A. Y. (2013). Role of dorsal scapular nerve entrapment in unilateral interscapular pain. Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation, 94(6), 1118-1125.
IF = 3.23 / SJR Q1/ 39 citations
Blog about this paper— http://painmuse.org/?p=2656
Conclusions
DSN entrapment
- DSN entrapment is a frequent underlying causative factor for interscapular pain. Nerve entrapment at the scalenus(사각) medius or its stretch during overhead activities induces nerve trunk pain secondary to the sensitization of nociceptors within the nerve sheath.
Rhomboids
- Myofascial pain syndrome of the rhomboids with entrapment of the nerve by taut bands is another source of pain.
Scapular winging
- Last, the development of scapular winging may induce stretch of the cutaneous medial branches of the dorsal primary rami of thoracic spinal nerves. This would refer pain to the interscapular region.
Awareness of possible DSN entrapment in cases of upper dorsalgia is highly indicated.
Key
Found in 55 cases of unilateral scapular pain, 52.7% showed electrophysiologic conduction studies consistent with a dorsal scapular nerve lesion and 16.4% with scapular winging from rhomboid weakness.
Unilateral Interscaplar Problems were differentiated into:
Rhomboid major myofascial pain (21) – taut twitchy bands rhomboid major
Thoracic strain (11) – “Middorsal paravertebral pain and tightness, spastic tender paravertebral muscles, crackling sensation, painful limited flexion and rotation of the spine, no pain referral, and negative radiological findings”
Thoracic facet (2) – “Paraspinal midback pain that was referred to the shoulder blade and was not increased by coughing, deep breathing, or sneezing; Localized tenderness of the affected facet joint; Positive spring test; Pain was provoked by 3-dimensional motion; Spondylodegenerative changes on plain radiographs at T4- 6 segments.” I usually see below all transverse processes rotated left so left transverse processes prominent underneath and the level above rotated right associated with temporary relief with manipulation or activator thumping.
Thoracic disc (2) – “Middorsal intermittent electriclike pain that was radiating to the interscapular region with exacerbation of pain by coughing and sneezing, no weakness or sphincteric disturbance, limited painful thoracic flexion, painful axial rotation, hyposthesia along T5 dermatome (1 patient) and along T6 dermatome (1 patient), and degenerated disk at the T5/6 level with marginal sclerosis and osteophytes.” I would also include rather severe pain not relieved easily by mobilizations.
costovertebral joint dysfunction (1) – “Deep aching pain felt between the scapula and the spine, referred to the shoulder blade, and exacerbated by deep breathing and coughing. Pain was reproduced by palpating the costovertebral junction with tenderness of the rib angle. Spring testing to the rib was positive. Uniplanar side-bending to the affected side elicited the most severe pain. Unremarkable radiological findings.” I usually find remission of symptoms by massage of intercostal muscles at that level anteriorly.
levator scapula syndrome (1) – “Upper back pain felt over the upper medial border of the right scapula with aggravation by desk job activities using a computer; – Tenderness was felt over the insertion of the levator scapula on the inner border of the scapula; Contraction of the levator scapula during examination was painful and was associated with crepitation; Pain was elicited by scapular downward rotation and adduction. Negative radiographs.” I find head forward posture an issue. If you curl fingers on transverse processes at cervicothoracic junction – can engage muscle and if you pull muscle tight band back until releases (4-10 minutes) you will find rotation to opposite or same side improves.
Dorsal scapular entrapment: – (9)
– Pain along the medial border of the scapula (9 patients) with itching sensation (2 of them) and radiation to the shoulder (3 patients)
– Exacerbation of symptoms by neck rotation and extension (4 patients)
– Scapular winging (subtle in 3) that was accentuated by active shoulder flexion and abduction, by overhead placement of the arm, and when the arm was lowered from the elevated position
– Pinprick sensation was diminished in an area just medial to the scapular border (1 patient)
– Rhomboids muscles were wasted with reduced strength
– Hypertrophy of the scalenus medius and tenderness over the lower third of the muscle (4 patients)
– Elongated transverse process of C7 on plain radiographs
C5 Spinal Nerve Root — must be cautious
의학 논문들 정리한 블로그에서 가져옴
Medical Blog about Dorsal Scapular Nerve Syndrome — http://painmuse.org/?p=2656
Treatments
Entrapment;
- Anteriorly, this would be felt at C5 where it enters the mid scalene (felt as muscle in triangle just behind sternomastoid). They thought less than 1/2 of pure DSN sydrome cases were tender there.
- I have injected botox into this C5 area (without local) and found it helpful for unilateral interscapular pains.
- Injection local to area by C5 could be dangerous as there are numerous vertebral/cervical and cranial arteries in areas and just because you cannot draw blood back with syringe is no help (only 50% accurate). Injecting onto bone allows you to skewer an artery and local will seep back into it (one death so prolotherapists take note).
Pictures
논문에서 언급한 통증 가능성 이유들
Dorsal scapular nerve injury when performing trigger point injection (TPI) into the rhomboid muscle
Lee, D. G., & Chang, M. C. (2018). Dorsal scapular nerve injury after trigger point injection into the rhomboid major muscle: A case report. Journal of back and musculoskeletal rehabilitation, 31(1), 211-214.
IF =.9, SJR Q2 cf)영남대
- BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:
- rhomboid → dorsal scapular neuropathy
- We report the case of a patient who presented with right dorsal scapular neuropathy after a trigger point injection into the right rhomboid major muscle. Through a nerve conduction study and electromyography, we demonstrated dorsal scapular nerve injury in this patient.
- rhomboid → dorsal scapular neuropathy
- CASE REPORT:
- A 38-year-old man complained that his right shoulder functioned less optimally during push-up exercises after a trigger point injection 4 weeks prior. Physical examination revealed mildly reduced right shoulder retractor muscle strength compared with the left side. We performed a nerve conduction velocity test and electromyography 5 weeks after the injection. The compound muscle action potential of the right dorsal scapular nerve showed low amplitude (left vs. right side: 5.2 vs. 1.6 mV) and delayed latency (left vs. right side: 4.9 vs. 6.8 ms). Positive sharp wave (1+) and mildly reduced recruitment were seen on electromyography of the rhomboid major muscle. The findings of the nerve conduction velocity test and electromyography indicated partial right dorsal scapular neuropathy. The nerve injury seemed to have been caused by the needle inserted during trigger point injection.
- CONCLUSION:
- Clinicians should pay attention to the occurrence of dorsal scapular nerve injury when performing trigger point injection into the rhomboid muscle
Ultrasound-guided interscalene brachial plexus block → DSN leison
Kim, Y. D., Yu, J. Y., Shim, J., Heo, H. J., & Kim, H. (2016). Risk of encountering dorsal scapular and long thoracic nerves during ultrasound-guided interscalene brachial plexus block with nerve stimulator. The Korean journal of pain, 29(3), 179.
- Abstract
- posterior approach also has the risk of causing nerve injury because there are risks of encountering dorsal scapular nerve (DSN) and long thoracic nerve
- Physicians should be cautious on the risk of injury related to the anatomical structures of nerves, including DSN and LTN, during ultrasound-guided IBPB by posterior approach.
논문에서 언급한 치료법들
Trescot A.M. (2016) Dorsal Scapular Nerve Entrapment. In: Trescot A.M. (eds) Peripheral Nerve Entrapments. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-27482-9_32
여기서 논문들을 찾음
- Landmark-Guided Injection
- Ultrasound-Guided Injections
- Auyong, D. B., & Cabbabe, A. A. (2014)
- Radiofrequency Lesioning
포스터 발표 ㅠㅠ- Restrepo-Garces et al. [ 23 ] used US at the middle scalene in an in-plane approach to perform pulsed RF of the DSN. After sensory and motor confi rmation, they made two lesions of 42 °C for 120 s. The patient noted 60 % reduction in her pain.
Restrepo-Garces CE, Gomez CM, Jaramillo S, Ramirez L, Vargas F. Dorsal scapular nerve block under ultrasound guidance. Poster presentation ASRA 11th Annual meeting. Miami. 2012
- Restrepo-Garces et al. [ 23 ] used US at the middle scalene in an in-plane approach to perform pulsed RF of the DSN. After sensory and motor confi rmation, they made two lesions of 42 °C for 120 s. The patient noted 60 % reduction in her pain.
- Botulinum Toxin
Haim K, Urban BJ. Dorsal scapular nerve block: description of technique and report of a case. Anesthesiology. 1993;78(2):361–3
- Haim and Urban [ 15 ] described the use of 100 units of botulinum toxin in the rhomboid muscles to treat the dystonia associated with DSN entrapment.
Auyong, D. B., & Cabbabe, A. A. (2014). Selective blockade of the dorsal scapular nerve for scapula surgery. Journal of clinical anesthesia, 26(8), 684-687.
IF = 6.039, SJR Q2
- Treatment
- A posterior inplane approach was used by advancing the needle towards the dorsal scapular nerve traversing the middle scalene muscle (Fig. 4). Ten mL of 0.5% bupivacaine was injected around the nerve using direct visualization for placement of the needle (21-gauge block needle). The patient underwent general anesthesia during the 3.5-hour case, then was brought to the recovery room awake with a pain score of 2 on an 11-point scale.
Haim, K., & Urban, B. J. (1993). Dorsal scapular nerve block: description of technique and report of a case. Anesthesiology (Philadelphia), 78(2), 361-363.
IF=5, SJR Q1
Cho, H., Kang, S., Won, H. S., Yang, M., & Kim, Y. D. (2019). New insights into pathways of the dorsal scapular nerve and artery for selective dorsal scapular nerve blockade. The Korean journal of pain, 32(4), 307.
원광대 선생님들 IF=1.5/SJR Q2
C7 and C8 nerve compression
Tanaka, Y., Kokubun, S., Sato, T., & Ozawa, H. (2006). Cervical roots as origin of pain in the neck or scapular regions. Spine, 31(17), E568-E573.
IF=3/SJR Q1/60 citations
- Key
- The pain preceded the arm/fingers symptoms in 35 patients (70%). Although the pain had lasted for more than 7 months on average before surgery, it was relieved early after surgery in 46 patients (92%).
- When the painful site was suprascapular, C5 or C6 radiculopathy was frequent (P < 0.01).
- When it was interscapular, C7 or C8 radiculopathy was frequent (P < 0.001).
- When it was scapular, C8 radiculopathy was frequent (P < 0.01)
- The pain preceded the arm/fingers symptoms in 35 patients (70%). Although the pain had lasted for more than 7 months on average before surgery, it was relieved early after surgery in 46 patients (92%).
Mizutamari, M., Sei, A., Tokiyoshi, A., Fujimoto, T., Taniwaki, T., Togami, W., & Mizuta, H. (2010). Corresponding scapular pain with the nerve root involved in cervical radiculopathy. Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery, 18(3), 356-360.
IF = .9, SJR Q2
- Results.
- In the anatomic study of 22 cutaneous nerves from medial branches of dorsal rami, 18 involved the C5 nerve root, 0 the C6 root, one the C7 root, and 8 the C8 root.
- In the clinical study,
- the radicular pain often occurred in the suprascapular region involving the C5 root,
- in the suprascapular to posterior deltoid region involving the C6 root,
- in the interscapular region involving the C7 root,
- and in the interscapular and scapular regions involving the C8 root.
- All patients with C5 or C8 radiculopathy had both superficial and deep pain,
- whereas almost all patients with C6 or C7 radiculopathy had deep pain only. No patient had superficial pain only
통증이 증가할 수록 통증 조절하는 부위가 감소한다.
Zehetgruber, H., Noske, H., Lang, T., & Wurnig, C. (2002). Suprascapular nerve entrapment. A meta-analysis. International orthopaedics, 26(6), 339-343.
IF=3/SJR Q1/154 citations
- Abstract
- We performed a review of the literature between 1959 and 2001. We found 88 cases of suprascapular nerve entrapment, which fulfilled our inclusion criteria. Suprascapular nerve entrapment is rare and mainly occurs in patients under 40 years of age. Males are more likely to suffer from a ganglion compressing the nerve than females. If the patient's history reveals a trauma, it is more likely that the ligament is compromising the nerve. Ganglions usually cause isolated infraspinatus atrophy, whereas a combined atrophy of the supra- and infraspinatus muscles is more common in cases in which the nerve is compressed by the ligament.
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서강대학교 수학&심리 복수전공 최우등 졸업
KAIST 마케팅 전공 석사 최우등 졸업, 박사과정 수료
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